Majapahit was an ancient kingdom in Indonesia that have been established from around 1293 to 1500 M. This kingdom reached the peak in the power of glory Hayam Wuruk, in power from 1350 until 1389. Majapahit the other kingdoms in the Malay peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, Bali and the Philippines.
Kingdom of Majapahit was the last Hindu kingdom in the Malay peninsula and is considered as one of the largest country in the history of Majapahit Indonesia.area lie in Sumatra, Malay peninsula, Borneo and eastern Indonesia, even though his area is still Brief History of the Kingdom of Majapahit
Once the king of Sri Kartanegara killed, Singhasāri kingdom under the suzerainty Jayakatwang from Kadiri. One of the descendants of the ruler Singhasāri of Raden Wijaya, then try to retake power from his parents. He is a descendant of Ken Angrok, Singhāsāri king's first child and Dyah Lembu Tal. He is also known by the name of another, namely Nararya Sanggramawijaya. According to historical sources, Raden Wijaya daughter Kĕrtanāgara is still the nephew. Scripture Pararaton said that he wed the king's two children at once, but rather the book Nāgarakertāgama mention but two of the four daughters Kěrtanāgara marriage
all. At the time Jayakatwang attack Singhasāri, Raden Wijaya was to maintain the capital in the north. Defeat suffered by Raden Wijaya Singhasāri the refuge to a village called Kudadu, are tired chase each enemy troops with the rest of the people living in twelve. Thanks to the help of the Village Head Kudadu, Raden Wijaya entourage can cross the sea to Madura and there's the protection Aryya Wiraraja, a regent on the island. Thanks to the assistance Aryya Wiraraja, Raden Wijaya can then return to Java and received by the king Jayakatwang. Not long after he was given a forest area in the extreme to be opened into the village, with a plea to anticipate enemy attacks from the north of the river Brantas. Thanks to the assistance he Aryya Wiraraja then establish a new village was named Majapahit. This is in the village of Raden Wijaya, and then muster the strength to lead, especially the people loyal to the deceased Kertanegara coming from local and Tumapel Daha. Aryya Wiraraja own pasukannya prepared to assist in Madura Raden Wijaya time when needed. Was less like the king Jayakatwang.
Unexpected that in the previous year in 1293 Java arrival of Chinese troops sent by the Khan Kubhilai to punish contempt Singhasāri up runner had received in the year 1289. This large amount of troops after a stop in Belitung Island for several months and then enter through the Java Brantas river go directly to Daha. Coming this note by Raden Wijaya, he asks for permission to join forces with China received with joy. Daha rush to be done from land and river that runs along the bitterly morning to afternoon. China and the combined forces Raden Wijaya 5000 army successfully destroy Daha. With the strength to live a half, Jayakatwang back to seek refuge in the fortress. Afternoon, aware that he may not maintain more Daha, Jayakatwang out of the fortress and then submit themselves to thralled by Chinese troops.
Be under guard officer with two and 200 Chinese troops, Raden Wijaya requested permission to return to Majapahit to prepare for the emperor tribute Khubilai Khan. However, with the deceit and the second officer bodyguard successfully destroyed by Raden Wijaya. In fact, he turned to lead troops invade Majapahit troops remaining Chinese who does not realize that Raden Wijaya akan such act. Three thousand members of troops from the kingdom of Yuan China can be destroyed by troops of Majapahit, the rest run out of Java with many victims leave. Finally ideals Raden Wijaya to throw Daha and reply to the sick heart Jayakatwang can be realized by utilizing foreign exchange. He then proclaim the establishment of a new kingdom called Majapahit. In the year 1215 as be appointed Raden Wijaya the first king with the title Sri Kĕrtarājasa Jayawardhana. The four children Kertanegara made with the consort of Sri Parameśwari degree Tribhūwaneśwari Dyah Dewi, Dewi Sri Mahadewi Dyah Narendraduhitā, Dewi Sri Jayendradewi Dyah Prajnyāparamitā, and Sri Rājendradewi Dyah Dewi Gayatri. Tribhūwaneśwari obtain it from a child Jayanagara men named as crown prince who ruled in Kadiri. Gayatri he obtained from the two daughters, Tribhūwanottunggadewi Jayawisnuwardhani based in Jiwana (Kahuripan) and Rājadewi Mahārājasa in Daha. Raden Wijaya still married with a wife again, this time coming from Jambi in Sumatra called Dara plot and have children of the given name Kalagěmět. A woman who also came along with the plot Dara Dara Orange, get wife by relatives king title 'god' and have a child of God called Janaka, who the future better known as Adhityawarman, Malayu kings in Sumatra. Coming both from the women of Jambi is the result of this diplomacy of friendship yaang done by Kěrtanāgara to the king in Jambi Malayu together to stem the influence of Kubhilai Khan. On the basis of a sense of friendship, this is the king Malayu, Śrimat Tribhūwanarāja Mauliwarmadewa, sending two relatives to married with the king Singhasāri. Notes from the note that history does not bear Dara Orange stay in Majapahit and eventually return back to the village homes.
Raden Wijaya died in the year 1309 was replaced by Jayanāgara. As the end of his father, the king's government Jayanāgara many dirongrong rebellion by those who previously helped Raden Wijaya established Majapahit kingdom. Seizing the influence of treason and the many heroes who ultimately render a large labeled as enemy kingdom. In the beginning Jayanāgara also affected by the provocation Mahāpati a ringleader disputes, but then he realized this mistake and ordered bodyguard to execute the people's faith. In such a situation a soldier who appear smart and brave named Gajah Mada. He appears as a figure who has death rebellion Kuti, the position at that time only those with the king as a bodyguard (běkěl bhayangkāri). expertise maneuver and diplomacy in the future Gajah Mada can bring on a very high position in the range of Majapahit kingdom, the kingdom as Mahamantri.
During the Jayanāgara relationship with China back to recover. Trade between the two countries increased, and many Chinese people who lived in Majapahit. Jayanāgara rule about 11 years, in the year 1328 he was killed by physician named because Tanca do with his wife unfaithful. Tanca and executed by Gajah Mada.
Because they do not have a son, calyx Majapahit leaders eventually taken over by little brother Jayanāgara woman named Jayawisnuwarddhani, or known as Bhre Kahuripan according to the region ruled by a queen before. However, the rebellion in the country that continues the Majapahit always in a state of war. One of them is rebellion Sadĕng Keta year 1331 and bring back the name of Gajah Mada to the surface. Both can be quenched with absolute victory on the part of Majapahit. After this events, Gajah Mada Mahapatih say the famous oath, that he will not stoop before Palapa amukti areas in the archipelago, such as the desert (in Kalimantan), Seran (?), Tanjungpura (Kalimantan), Haru (Maluku?), Pahang (Malaysia), Dompo (Sumbawa), Bali, Sunda (West Java), Palembang (Sumatra), and Tumasik (Singapore). To prove the oath, in Bali in 1343 he successfully defeated.
Ratu Jayawisnuwaddhani rule long enough, 22 years prior to resign and replaced by his son called Hayam Wuruk from marriage with Cakradhara, the region Singhāsari. Hayam Wuruk in a lift years as king in 1350 with the title Sri Rajasanāgara. Gajah Mada still serve as Patih Hamangkubhūmi (mahāpatih), which is when obtaining his mother to serve the king. In the government this is Hayam Wuruk Majapahit reached top greatness. Gajah Mada ambition to conquer the archipelago to reach the results in this period so that the influence of Majapahit felt to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Maluku and Papua. But the new West Java can defeated in the year 1357 through a battle with the known events Bubat, namely when the wedding plans between Dyah Pitaloka, daughter of the king Pajajaran, Hayam Wuruk with changes to the battle field Bubat, a field in the capital city of the kingdom which is the location entourage camp in the kingdom. Due to the war Dyah Pitaloka suicide that caused a political marriage two kingdoms on the island of Java this failed. Pararaton mentioned in the book that after the events of Hayam Wuruk hold big ceremonies to honor those who died in the Sunda's events. Please take note at the same time is also the kingdom of Majapahit to eskpedisi to Dompo (Padompo) led by an official named Nala.
After the events Bubat, Gajah Mada Mahāpatih resign from his old job as old age, while Hayam Wuruk eventually married cousin own Excellency called sori, children's Bhre Wĕngkĕr still counted aunt.
Under the authority of Hayam Wuruk kingdom of Majapahit kingdom into a big strong, both in economics and politics. Hayam Wuruk ordered the making of dam-dam and water channels for irrigation and flood control. A number of river ports are made for easy transport and loading and unloading of goods. Four years after he ruled, Mahāpatih Gajah Mada died in the year 1364. Position not filled Hamangkubhūmi governor for three years before the Elephant Enggon appointed Hayam Wuruk fill that position. Unfortunately not much information about the Elephant in the inscription Enggon or script-script period can reveal the Majapahit kick.
King Hayam Wuruk years died in 1389. Daughter who is named family own Wikramawarddhana as king ascended the throne, it is not Kusumawarddhani which is a direct lineage from Hayam Wuruk. He ruled for twelve years prior to resign as pastor. Before he came down the throne job order daughter, Suhita become queen. This is not approved by Bhre Wirabhūmi, Hayam Wuruk child of a concubine who willed the throne of her nephew. Seizure of power is a result of civil war known as the War Parěgrěg. Bhre Wirabhumi that have winning must eventually fled after Bhre Tumapel intervene to assist parties involved Suhita. Bhre Wirabhūmi eventually lose even killed by Raden Elephant. This family of revenge that does not bring result. Some years after killed Bhre Wirabhūmi now turn Raden Elephant who die because they kill innocent is noble.
Suhita years died in 1477, and because they do not have children then replaced in position by her little brother, Bhre Tumapel Dyah Kĕrtawijaya. Not long reign he was succeeded by Bhre Pamotan Sri Rājasawardhana the title only three years, also holds the calyx. Even between the years 1453-1456 do not have the kingdom of Majapahit also a king because of disagreement in the family of the taper. Situation when a little calm Dyah Sūryawikrama Giriśawardhana increased throne. He also does not control long after the kingdom because grab power again disturbance . Thus silih power switch several times from the year 1466 until the year 1500. China News, Italian, and Portuguese is still the name of Majapahit in the year 1499 without mentioning the name of king. The influence of expansion in the kingdom of Demak small north coast of Java profess Islam, is one of the causes of fall of Majapahit kingdom. Majapahit year 1522 is no longer referred to as a kingdom but only a city. Government on the island of Java has been to switch to Demak under the authority of Adipati Unus, children Raden Patah, the founder of the kingdom of Demak descendants still Bhre Kertabhūmi. He destroyed the Majapahit sick because you want to reply to a heart that her grandmother had defeated the king Girindrawarddhana Dyah Ranawijaya. Thus the destroyed in the year 1478 as a kingdom of Majapahit ruler of nusantara status and changed as the kings defeat Demak. End control of the series of Hindu kings in East Java that was started by keng Angrok time to establish the kingdom of Singhāsari, replaced by a new form of the kingdom have the character of Islam.
Ironically, family dissension and resentment that cause the development collapse this kingdom, was not caused by invasion of other nations who occupied Java.
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